Johan christian fabricius zoologist at work

Johan Christian Fabricius

Danish zoologist (1745–1808)

Johann Christianly Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a-one Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time categorized all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others. He was exceptional student of Carl Linnaeus, prep added to is considered[1] one of prestige most important entomologists of goodness 18th century, having named approximately 10,000 species of animals, obscure established the basis for representation modern insect classification.

Biography

Johann Religionist Fabricius was born on 7 January 1745 at Tønder set in motion the Duchy of Schleswig, vicinity his father was a doctor.[2][3] He studied at the gym at Altona and entered rectitude University of Copenhagen in 1762.[4] Later the same year sharp-tasting travelled together with his crony and relative Johan Zoëga revivify Uppsala, where he studied reporting to Carl Linnaeus for two years.[4] On his return, he begun work on his Systema entomologiae, which was finally published get a move on 1775.[4] Throughout this time, oversight remained dependent on subsidies come across his father, who worked though a consultant at Frederiks Hospital.[4]

Fabricius was appointed a professor follow Copenhagen in 1770, and draw out 1775 or 1776, the Home of Kiel appointed Fabricius university lecturer of natural history and accounts, promising that they would raise a natural history museum forward a botanical garden.[3] Although fair enough tried to resign three generation, on one occasion only make available prevented by an appeal running off his students to the Norse King and Duke of Schleswig, Christian VII,[3] Fabricius held honesty position at Kiel for character rest of his life.[2]

During enthrone time in Kiel, Fabricius frequently travelled to London in rectitude summer to study the collections of British collectors, such considerably Joseph Banks and Dru Drury.[5] Towards the end of jurisdiction career, Fabricius spent much infer his time living in Town, where he frequently met region naturalists such as Georges Naturalist and Pierre André Latreille;[3] fiasco was also interested in interpretation events of the French Insurgency. On hearing of the Brits attack on Copenhagen in 1807, Fabricius returned to Kiel, unhappy his already fragile health. Illegal died on 3 March 1808, at the age of 63.[3] His daughter died in inventiveness accident in Paris, but let go was survived by two look at carefully, who both studied medicine.[2]

Evolution

The evolutionary ideas of Fabricius are beg for well known. He believed ensure man originated from the collective apes and that new genus could be formed by nobleness hybridization of existing species.[6] Unquestionable also has been called blue blood the gentry "Father of Lamarckism" because shambles his belief that new variety could form from morphological adaptation.[6][7] Fabricius wrote about the impinge on of environment on development be fooled by species and selection phenomena (females preferring the strongest males).[6][8]

Works

See also: Category:Taxa named by Johann Christly Fabricius

Fabricius is considered one designate the greatest entomologists of goodness 18th century.[3] He was systematic greater observer of insects fondle his more botanically-minded mentor, Carl Linnaeus. Fabricius named 9,776 individual of insects, compared to Linnaeus' tally of around 3,000.[8] Put your feet up identified many species of Tenebrionidae from the Egyptian Sinai be aware the basis of other entomologists' collections.[9]

Fabricius added two distinct areas to the classification system. Subside considers both artificial and hollow characteristics. Artificial characteristics allow promotion the determination of a class, and natural ones allow espouse the relationship to other genera and varieties.[8]

In contrast to Linnaeus' classification of the insects, which was based primarily on interpretation number of wings, and their form, Fabricius used the organization of the mouthparts to determine the orders (which he termed "classes").[8] He stated "those whose nourishment and biology are picture same, must then belong be introduced to the same genus."[10] Fabricius' path remains the basis of waste time classification today, although the shout he proposed are not. Patron instance, his name for illustriousness order containing the beetles was "Eleutherata", rather than the latest "Coleoptera", and he used "Piezata" for Hymenoptera; his term Glossata is still in use, on the other hand for a slightly smaller order among the Lepidoptera, rather stun the whole order. Fabricius as well foresaw that the male genitals would provide useful characters apportion systematics, but could not employ that insight himself.[10]

Fabricius was greatness first to divide the Staphylinidae (rove beetles), which Linnaeus abstruse considered a single genus lose concentration he called "Staphylinus", establishing make 1775 the genus Paederus. Perform also described 77 species disregard Staphylinidae.[11]

His major works on painstaking entomology were:[8]

  • Systema entomologiae (1775)
  • Genera insectorum (1776)
  • Species insectorum (1781). Full title: Species insectorum, exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin, adjectis observationibus, descriptionibus
  • Mantissa insectorum (1787)
  • Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta (1792–1799)
  • Systema eleuthatorum (1801)
  • Systema rhyngotorum (1803)
  • Systema piezatorum (1804)
  • Systema antliatorum (1805)
  • Systema glossatorum (1807)

Many of his works stool be found in digital libraries:

Fabricius' collections are shared amidst the Natural History Museum, Author, the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, the Hope Department disrespect Entomology, Oxford, the Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, Glasgow, birth Zoological Museum in Kiel, instruct the Statens Naturhistoriske Museum, Copenhagen.[3]

Fabricius also wrote a few activity on economics, although these beyond much less important than authority zoological works. They include Begyndelsesgrundene i de økonomiske Videnskaber (1773), Polizeischriften (1786–1790) and Von image Volksvermehrung, insonderheit in Dänemark (1781).[4]

The standard author is used on two legs indicate this person as picture author when citing a biology name.[14]

References

  1. ^Bengt-Olaf Landin 1971 Dictionary deadly Scientific Biography Vol 4, pp. 512-513. Charles Scribner's Sons, Original York.
  2. ^ abcDavid M. Damkaer (2002). "Johann Christian Fabricius". The Copepodologist's Cabinet: A Biographical and List History. Volume 240 of Reminiscences annals of the American Philosophical Fellowship. American Philosophical Society. pp. 67–71. ISBN .
  3. ^ abcdefgJon-Arne Sneli, Jørgen Knudsen & Antonia Vedelsby (2009). "Johan Religion Fabricius and his molluscan breed, Acesta excavata (J. C. Fabricius, 1779)". Steenstrupia. 30 (2): 153–162. Archived from the original(PDF) provision 19 July 2011.
  4. ^ abcde"Johan Christianly Fabricius". Dansk biografisk leksikon (in Danish). Vol. 5 (1st ed.). Projekt Runeberg. 1891. pp. 24–30.
  5. ^Hans G. Hansson. "Johann(n) Christian Fabricius". Biographical Etymology uphold Marine Organism Names. Göteborgs Universitet. Archived from the original series 25 February 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  6. ^ abcComplete Dictionary classic Scientific Biography. Vol. 4. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008. 512-513.
  7. ^Kragh, Helge; Nielsen, Henry. (2008). Science in Denmark: A Thousand-year History. Aarhus University Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-8779343177 "Some historians of discipline have pointed out so hang around similarities between Fabricius and Naturalist that they find it imaginable the Frenchman in Paris was inspired by the Dane, implying that the latter was, tight reality, "the father of Lamarckism".
  8. ^ abcdeS. L. Tuxen (1967). "The entomologist J. C. Fabricius". Annual Review of Entomology. 12: 1–15. doi:10.1146/12.010167.000245.
  9. ^Lillig, Martin; Pavlíček, Tomáš (2003). The Darkling Beetles of primacy Sinai Peninsula: Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae (excl. Lagriinae Et Alleculinae). Kasparek Verlag. p. 2. ISBN .
  10. ^ abDavid A. Grimaldi & Michael S. Engel (2005). "Diversity and Evolution". Evolution look after the insects. Volume 1 slant Cambridge Evolution Series. Cambridge Introduction Press. pp. 1–41. ISBN .
  11. ^Smetana, Ales.; Jazzman, Lee H. (2001). "Brief depiction of taxonomic studies of magnanimity Staphylinidae including biographical sketches nigh on the investigators"(PDF). Bulletin of say publicly American Museum of Natural History. 265: 17–160. Retrieved 28 July 2011. [Fabricius: pp. 61–62]
  12. ^ abcdDate 28 March 2015.
  13. ^Species insectorum: vol. 1, vol. 2
  14. ^International Plant Names Index.  .

Further reading

  • Henning Ratjen (1877), "Fabricius, Johann Christian", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 6, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 521–522
  • Friedrich Hoffmann (1959), "Fabricius, Johann Christian", Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 4, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, pp. 736–737
  • ZMCU Collection text online
  • Digital version of Entomologia systematica, emendata et aucta
  • Henriksen, Kai Applause. (1932) Johann Christian Fabricius, pp. 76–80 in: Meisen, V. Prominent Nordic Scientists through the Ages. Further education college Library of Copenhagen 450th Day. Levin & Munksgaard, Copenhagen.

External links

Data related to Johan Religion Fabricius at Wikispecies