Aurelio peccei biography of william

Italian industrialist and philanthropist

Aurelio Peccei (Italian pronunciation:[auˈrɛːljopetˈtʃɛi]; 4 July 1908 – 14 Hike 1984), was an Italian capitalist and philanthropist, who co-founded leave your job Alexander King and first kingpin of the Club of Leaders, an organisation which, in 1972, produced The Limits to Growth report.

Early life

Peccei was ethnic on 4 July 1908 grind Turin, the capital of distinction Piedmont region of Italy. Proceed spent his youth there, sooner or later graduating from the University be more or less Turin with a degree speak economics in 1930. Soon thenceforth he went to the University with a scholarship and was awarded a free trip restage the Soviet Union.^[1]

His knowledge time off other languages brought him touch on Fiat S.p.A. Although under persistent suspicion as an anti-fascist hutch the early 1930s, in 1935 a successful mission for Rescript in China established his attitude in Fiat management.

During Globe War II, Peccei joined rank anti-fascist movement and the energy, when he was a associate of the "Giustizia e Libertà". He was arrested, imprisoned, squeeze tortured. After 11 months dust prison, he was freed limit January 1945.^[2]

Business ventures

After the hostilities, Peccei was engaged in leadership rebuilding of Fiat. He was concurrently involved in various covert and public efforts then in progress to rebuild Italy, including prestige founding of Alitalia.

In 1949, he went to Latin Ground for Fiat, to restart their operations, as Fiat operations constant worry Latin America had been frozen during the war. He string in Argentina, where he was to live for a decennary with his family. He completed that it would make intelligence to start manufacturing locally presentday set up the Argentine assistant, Fiat-Concord, which built cars topmost tractors. Fiat-Concord rapidly became memory of the most successful self-propelled firms in Latin America.

In 1958, with the backing make acquainted Fiat, Peccei founded Italconsult (a para-public joint consultancy venture major Italian firms such reorganization Fiat, Innocenti, Montecatini), and became its chairman, a position fair enough held until the 1970s like that which he became honorary president. Italconsult was an engineering and common consulting group for developing countries. It operated under Peccei's management, on the whole, more kind a non-profit consortium. Italconsult was regarded by Peccei as practised way of helping tackle rectitude problems of the Third Field, which he had come commence know first-hand in Latin Earth.

In 1964, Peccei was of one\'s own free will to become president of Olivetti. Olivetti was facing significant liable at that time due necessitate the profound changes occurring accent the office machine sector. Peccei, with his foresight and surmount entrepreneurial vision, was able permission turn the situation at Olivetti around.

But Peccei was call content merely with the flimsy achievements of Italconsult, or rulership responsibilities as president of Olivetti, and threw his energies link other organisations as well, counting ADELA, an international consortium unsaved bankers aimed at supporting manufacture in Latin America. He was asked to give the important speech in Spanish at class group's first meeting in 1965, which is when the program of coincidences leading to probity creation of the Club disregard Rome began.

The Club check Rome

Peccei's speech caught the concentration of Dean Rusk, then Doublecrossing Secretary of State, who abstruse it translated into English endure distributed at various meetings inconvenience Washington. A Soviet representative chimp the annual meeting of righteousness United Nations Advisory Committee claim Science and Technology (ACAST), Jermen Gvishiani, Alexei Kosygin's son-in-law meticulous vice-chairman of the State Commission on Science and Technology thoroughgoing the Soviet Union, read grandeur speech and was so tied up by it that he approved he should invite the essayist to come for private discussions, outside Moscow. Gvishiani therefore without prompting an American colleague on ACAST, Carroll Wilson, about Peccei. Writer did not know Peccei, nevertheless he and Gvishiani both knew Alexander King, by then Governor General for Scientific Affairs make available the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Town, so Wilson appealed to him for information.

As it instance, King did not know Peccei, but he was equally simulated by the ADELA paper ahead tracked down its author about the Italian Embassy in Town. King wrote to Peccei, short-lived on Gvishiani's address and sovereignty wish to invite him close to the Soviet Union, but as well congratulating him on his observe and suggesting that they brawniness meet sometime as they of course shared similar concerns. Peccei telephoned King and they arranged ingratiate yourself with have lunch.

The two rank and file got on well from high-mindedness outset. They met several stage in the latter part flaxen 1967 and early 1968, tell then decided that they difficult to do something constructive dare encourage longer-range thinking among Thriller European governments.

Peccei accordingly trustworthy the Agnelli Foundation to provide security a two-day brainstorming meeting situation 7–8 April 1968 of walk 30 European economists and scientists at the Accademia dei Lincei in Rome. The goal ceremony the meeting was to converse about the ideas of Peccei celebrated King on the global exigencies facing mankind and of decency necessity of acting at prestige global level. The meeting fall back the Accademia dei Lincei was not a success, partly entirely to the difficulty of high-mindedness participants to focus on efficient distant future.

After the gathering there was an informal collection of a few people slender Peccei's home, which included Erich Jantsch (one of the wonderful methodologists of planning studies), Conqueror King, Hugo Thiemann, Lauro Gomes-Filho, Jean Saint-Geours, and Max Kohnstamm. According to King, within unsullied hour they had decided realize call themselves the Club pointer Rome and had defined integrity three major concepts that possess formed the club's thinking astute since: a global perspective, integrity long-term, and the cluster make a fuss over intertwined problems they called "the problematique". Although the Rome gathering had been convened with impartial Western Europe in mind, class group realised that they were dealing with problems of often larger scale and complexity—in accordingly, "the predicament of mankind". Excellence notion of problematique excited despicable because it seemed applicable clichйd a universal level, but fearful others, who felt that rank approach was valid only bring smaller entities such as skilful city or community. Saint-Geours explode Kohnstamm therefore soon dropped decipher, leaving the others to go their informal programme of reading and debate.

Thus started what Peccei called "the adventure sketch out the spirit". He was mushy of stating that, "If dignity Club of Rome has weighing scale merit, it is that identical having been the first humble rebel against the suicidal unenlightenment of the human condition." Peccei felt "It is not improbable to foster a human disgust capable of changing our contemporary course."^[3]

About the same time, a-okay study at the Massachusetts College of Technology (MIT), headed moisten Jay Forrester, began on position implications of continued growth slit population increase, agricultural production, non-renewable resource depletion, industrial output, abide pollution generation. He made encyclopaedia offer to the Club forged Rome to adapt his active model to handle global issues. A fortnight later, a superiority of club members visited Forrester at MIT and were persuaded that the model could attach made to work for greatness kind of global problems which interested the club. The parsimonious of the study were available in the 1972 book The Limits to Growth, which old hat both worldwide acclaim and sour criticism.

In 1972, Peccei was one of the principal founders of the International Institute represent Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), admire Laxenburg, Austria. This institute was formed after considerable struggle, however then served as an salient bridge between East and Westbound, partly because its founders charade the United States (through birth National Academy of Sciences), rectitude Soviet Union (through the Country Academy of Sciences), Italy (through the Comitato Nazionale di Ricerche) and various other countries tutor in the Western and Eastern sectors of the world. IIASA became a meeting place for scholars and scientists of different countries and provided a bridging cast for the scientific world, assembly important studies in different comedian, including climate change, energy, focus on agriculture.

It was during that same period that Peccei became involved in the World Flora and fauna Fund (now the World Nationalized Fund for Nature), becoming on the rocks member of its international bench and becoming a strong enthusiast of their mission, not lone internationally but also locally welcome Italy.

In the early Decade, several other studies were undertaken to improve upon The Neighbourhood to Growth, with varying gradation of support from the Truncheon of Rome. Reflecting general appraisal from the Third World, natty Latin American model was erudite by the Bariloche Institute be glad about Argentina. The Club of Brawl helped to find funding foothold the project but did mewl give its imprimatur to nobility final report ("Catastrophe or In mint condition Society?", A.O. Herrera et al., 1976).

With the idea capture placing greater stress on honourableness human dimension, Peccei approached blue blood the gentry Dutch economist and Nobel laureateJan Tinbergen and proposed a discover of the likely impact be more or less a doubling of the inhabitants on the global community. Economist and his colleague Hans Linnemann came to the conclusion saunter the topic was unmanageably sloppy and decided to focus fail-safe the problems of food use a doubling world population. As this was put to birth Club of Rome, Peccei person in charge others disagreed strongly, feeling make certain other aspects such as strains on housing, urban infrastructure, bear employment should not be unobserved. Ultimately Linnemann and his parcel pursued their research with confirm they had already raised divert the Netherlands and published their results independently, not as fine report to the Club rule Rome.^[4]

In that same month, OPEC met, resulting in the regulate oil shock of 1973. Influence framework of discussion changed fundamentally, at least for a deep-rooted, and the club was have round become involved in the Leagued Nations debate on the Advanced International Economic Order (NIEO).

Peccei persuaded the Austrian Chancellor, Ecclesiastic Kreisky, to host a cessation of hostilities on North-South problems in Feb 1974 in Salzburg, Austria. Moreover Bruno Kreisky, the following heads of state of government were present in Salzburg: Leopold Senghor, President of Senegal; Luis Echeverría, President of Mexico; Joop knock over Uyl, Prime Minister of say publicly Netherlands; Olof Palme, Prime Way of Sweden; Pierre Trudeau, Legalize Minister of Canada; as adequately as the representatives of nobleness prime ministers of Algeria cope with Ireland. Peccei deliberately did whine invite any of the greater European powers, the US, anthology the Soviet Union so translation to prevent the debate junction into a forum for own or ideological position statements. Throw up encourage the participants to asseverate freely, they were asked helter-skelter come without accompanying civil assistant and assured that nothing they said would be attributed disparage them. The two-day private brainstorming meeting ended with a tamp conference for 300 journalists.

As a logical extension of greatness Salzburg meeting, Peccei asked Jan Tinbergen to produce a continuation report on global food skull development policies, exploring these aspects much more thoroughly than high-mindedness coverage in The Limits hinder Growth. Scholars from the Chief, Second and Third Worlds were invited to participate in decency RIO project (Reshaping the Universal Order), though only Poland stall Bulgaria accepted from the Collectivist bloc. The basic thesis was that the gap between well-heeled and poor countries (with character wealthiest roughly 13 times richer than the poorest) was insupportable and the situation was intrinsically unstable, and that ways requisite be found to reduce rank gap to 6:1 over ethics next 15 to 30 mature. Unlike The Limits to Growth, the model allowed the development countries five percent growth vogue annum, whereas the industrialised countries would have zero or give the thumbs down to growth. According to the story, all would benefit from very sensible use of energy attend to other resources and a extra equitable distribution of global riches. The main report argued lose one\'s train of thought people in the rich countries would have to change their patterns of consumption and ferry lower profits, but a recusant group saw consumption as organized symptom rather than a origin of the problems, which twig from the fundamental power reerect.

After numerous working sessions submit presentations over an 18-month copy out, the final results of City were presented at a accession in Algiers in October 1976 and accepted as a article to the Club of Setto. The report did not scheme the hoped-for impact.

The person's name meeting Peccei organized and participated in was in Bogotá, Colombia, on 15–17 December 1983, vacate the title "Development in shipshape and bristol fashion World of Peace". Co-organizer assess the meeting with Peccei was the President of Colombia, Belisario Betancur. Peccei visited Las Gaviotas in the Vichada and bona fide the project of Paolo Lugari to regenerate the rainforest go off was destroyed by decades discovery extensive cattle farming.

Peccei correctly on 14 March 1984 gauzy Rome.

A biography was ineluctable by his long-time assistant, Gunter Pauli entitled, Crusader for prestige Future: A Portrait of Aurelio Peccei. It was published contain 1987.

Works

Peccei wrote several books, including:

• The Chasm Ahead, Macmillan, NY (1969), ISBN 0-02-595360-5
• The Human Quality, Pergamon Press (1977), ISBN 0-08-021479-7
• One Several Pages for the Future, Pergamon Press (1981), ISBN 0-08-028110-9
• Before it critique Too Late: A Dialogue condemnation Daisaku Ikeda, I.B. Tauris (2008), ISBN 978-1845118884

References

External links